Get Answers: Is Polyurethane Toxic?

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Friday, September 10, 2010

QUESTION: Is Polyurethane Toxic?

ANSWER: I just happened to receive two questions this week about the toxicity of polyurethane, so I thought I would write a separate post on this chemical.

In the past, we mostly heard about polyurethane foam, which is used to make mattresses, seat cushions, and other such products. That is toxic.

Now, there are new products that have a thin polyurethane film fused to fabric to make it waterproof. As best as I can tell, this is made from a different type of polyurethane, probably the type that is used to produce FDA dry and wet food grade urethanes.

Here's the chemistry lesson: Polyurethane (or "urethane" for short) is the name given to a class of petrochemical resins that contain isocyanates.

There are three different polyurethanes:

Toluene Diisocyante (TDI)
Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI)
Paraphenylene Diisocyanate (PPDI)

And they are made into chemicals that fall into eight major groups:

MDI-Esters: produce FDA dry and wet food grade urethanes.
TDI-Esters
MDI-Ethers: Some are adaptable to FDA and USDA application for wet and dry food contact.
TDI-Ethers
PPDI-Esters
MDI
TDI: used to make polyurethane foam for mattresses, cushions etc
PPDI

So when you read that something is made from "polyurethane" you need to also find out what type of polyurethane it is.

It's likely that the MDI food grade polyurethane is a lot less toxic than the TDI polyurethane foam. To research the health effects of every polyurethane is beyond the scope of this blog at the moment. But I've done enough research to see that the toxicity of one "polyurethane" is different than another. It's unfortunate that the same word is used to refer to a whole class of chemicals of varying toxicity.

This answer was provided by our friend, Debra Lynn Dadd. Hailed as "The Queen of Green" by the New York Times, Debra Lynn Dadd has been a pioneering consumer advocate since 1982, specializing in products and lifestyle choices that are safer for human health and the environment. She is the author of Home Safe Home.

See all of our questions and answers at Get Answers. Do you have a question? Let us know!

Posted by William on 02/23/2012 at 04:01 PM

Dear Dear “food grade polyurethane” ? Come now

Posted by Danika Carter on 09/14/2010 at 02:09 PM

Toxic to breathe/touch or not, it’s still synthesized from petrochemicals (oil) and is still environmentally unsound. I’d be willing to be the manufacturing process is none too clean, too.

Posted by Mike koenig on 09/10/2010 at 06:15 PM

I have been in the poly urethane business for 47 years and pu foam is chemically inert after the TDI or MDI has been reacted. It is not toxic.

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